![]() A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. An aqueous solution of an acid has a pH less than 7 and is colloquially also referred to as "acid" (as in "dissolved in acid"), while the strict definition refers only to the solute. The word acid is derived from the Latin acidus, meaning 'sour'. Acids form aqueous solutions with a sour taste, can turn blue litmus red, and react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. A Brønsted or Arrhenius acid usually contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a chemical structure that is still energetically favorable after loss of H +.Īqueous Arrhenius acids have characteristic properties that provide a practical description of an acid. Brønsted and Lowry generalized the Arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous solvents. In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion H 3O + and are known as Arrhenius acids. The first category of acids are the proton donors, or Brønsted–Lowry acids. hydrogen ion, H +), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid. ![]() An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e.
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